Principles of Supervision Essay Example for Free

Principles of Supervision Essay As part of this course, you will be required to take field notes for the field portion of the class which I will grade at the end of the semester. These field notes should be taken as if you were a naturalist describing the biology/ecology of a newly-discovered environment. An example of what I expect: Date: October 22, 2011 Location: Fort DeSoto Time: 09:30 – 09:45 Conditions: Heavy rain and wind, occasional lightning, severe flooding due to extremely high tides Walking on the trail at the welcome center where the water was waist deep. At the southern red cedar tree I noticed a bull shark feeding on a brown pelican, at which time I turned around and went home. Species identified (for species you identify, sketches are often helpful, maybe even indicate whether or not you took a picture. I STRONGLY suggest you take notes on any diagnostic characters we talk about): Southern red cedar – 20 feet tall, with scaly, needle-like leaves, bluish berries, and brown, shredded bark Brown pelican – large, brown bird, with a long, broad beak and a white head Bull shark – 5 feet long, very deep-bodied (large girth), blunt nose Obviously I don’t anticipate that you will encounter a scene such as this, but similar detail is required. Notes should be taken both in class and during your out-of-class excursions. Include drawings of plants/animals, key identifying features, terms we discuss etc. These notes will be extremely beneficial when studying for your field exam as well as preparing your collections. NOTE: field notes do not need to be typed, but I must be able to clearly read your writing. Also, a simple list of species we encounter will not be sufficient. To receive full credit, at a minimum you must have a set of field notes for every field trip we take. Should you miss a field trip, it is your responsibility to make up the trip on your own.

Witchcraft and the Inquisition of the Catholic Church Essay -- Essays

Witchcraft and the Inquisition of the Catholic Church Witchcraft. The word in itself evokes a certain kind of eeriness. In past centuries, people who were accused of being witches were thought of to be the worst kinds of people there are. There were several kinds of witches and several ways in which they operated. Whatever the reason, the Catholic Church saw witches, or those accused of being witches, as sinful. Partly to stop this kind of sin and other forms, the Inquisition of the Catholic Church was implemented. It is important to know what the factors leading up to the Inquisition included to fully understand its implementation. Once the history is reviewed it is easy to see how the Faith of the Church and the reason behind its thinking were hand-in-hand at the time, and also the way in which they seemingly conflict today. There are many factors leading up to the establishment of the Inquisition by the Catholic Church. One of the main factors is the beginning of the Middle Ages in Europe. A symbol of these emerging ages is Pope Gerbert of the year 1000. Although he was a Pope, he was learned in algebra, and because of his knowledge he was considered somewhat of a wizard. He once wrote to a friend in Italy asking for secular books written in Latin. He instructs the friend to make sure the books are "procured quietly." (Nickerson 12) . Nickerson feels that this makes Gerbert a symbol of his times because it is out of similar knowledge that the Medieval times arise. Around the same time, the Normans were conquering England, the Church begins to have a common purpose, and the First Crusade begins. Although the Church was secure in its universality, two groups, the Albigensians and Waldensians emerged, each with very di... ...ured endlessly. Finally, all people were allowed to believe what they wanted to believe. Faith and reason were in harmony. Bibliography Books James B. Given, Inquisition and Medieval Society; Power, Discipline, and Resistance in Languedoc. (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1997). Hoffman Nickerson, The Inquisition: A Political and Military Study of its Establishment. (Port Washington, NY.: Kennkiat Press, Inc., 1968). Mary Elizabeth Perry, and Anne J. Cruz, Cultural Encounters: The Impact of the Inquisition in Spain and the NewWorld. (Berkeley, CA.: University of California Press:, 1991). Albert C. Shannon, O.S.A., The Medieval Inquisition. (Collegeville, Minnesota: Liturgical Press, 1991). Internet Sources Hilgers, Joseph. "Index of Prohibited Books." The Catholic Encyclopedia.URL:

A Reflective Report on Interpersonal Management Essay

The purposes of this essay is to analyse the improtances of Interpersonal management skills for successful management, and to reflect on a verbal interpersonal cultural based difference people have personally experienced and how develop the cross cultural awareness for more effective management. Interpersonal management skills for successful management In the last decade, with the fast development of the business in the world, the interpersonal management skills have become important increasingly both for person and organisations. The definition of interpersonal management skills is the feeling and behavior that exist within all of people and influence prople’s interaction with others (John, 2002). For everyone, a good interpersonal management skills is very important whether managers, coworkers, clients or families. Therefore, interpersonal management skills are also essential for the successful management. In the following, this part of essay will analyse the importances of interpersonal management skills for successful management and consider how to develop self-management skills. The importances of interpersonal management skills are mainly contain three aspects for successful management. First of all, good interpersonal management skills will decrease the workplace conflict (Pedler et al, 2013). According to survey, true interpersonal management skills will improve  positive communications, reduce stress situation and promote workplace understanding in management (Pedler et al, 2013). In a organisation, it always has many kinds of conflict between employees and employees, employees and imployers. If without these skills, relations inside an organisation become hostile, leading to the low efficiency of work. Therefore, true interpersonal management skills are necessary for a good management skills. In addition, better interpersonal management skills can promote the team work in a business (Cottrell, 2003). In the organisations, team work is neccesary and always happens. While during the team work, good communication will influence its efficiency. However, better interpersonal management skills will achieve the good communication, because those skills can buffer conflicts to achieve efficiency communication (Cottrell, 2003), thereby achieving the successful management. Finally, strong interpersonal management skills can make people get more advancement opportunities in the business (Mitchell, 2013). strong interpersonal management skills make people communicate employees, coworkers and upper management better, leading to people to work eficiency and help them to get success at work through the relationships (Mitchell, 2013). Through these skills, people can get better communications and relationships with boss, upper management and coworkers, thereby achieving the advancement opportunities. Thus, these skills are important for the successful management. Because of the importances of the interpersonal management skills for successful management, the methods about how to develop self-management skills are becaome very important. Firstly, the occasional conflicts are inevitable at work, thus people should know how to manage conflicts calmly and considerately (Johnson, 2014). This is a valuable interpersonal management skills and self-management skills to show the tolerance and prove handy on the job. Secondly, a positive attitude will be the true self-management skills, because the active displays of enthusiasm, can-do spirit and optimistic attitude can make people a delight for everyone at work to be around (Johnson, 2014). finally, the efficiency communications are also very important for self-management skills, because it can make people understand each other better, and then cooperate better (Johnson, 2014). In conclusion, the interpersonal management skills are important for successful management because of their useful functions and benifits. Therefore, developing the self-management skills also should be paid more attention. Verbal interpersonal cultural & Cross cultural awareness In modern society, interpersonal communications refer to communication betwee two or more people. Meanwhile the verbal interpersonal communication is one of the major element for interpersonal communication, such as sounds and word choice, and it is the oral, spoken and unwritten way of the communication (Beebe, 2002). During the process of communication, most people will meet the situattion about the cross-cultural. cross-cultural can be defined as the interaction and comparison of different cultures (Beebe, 2002). Therefore, the verbal interpersonal communication and cross cultural awareness will be useful. In the following, I will reflect on the verbal interpersonal cultural based my experience and analyse how to develop cross cultural awareness. Due to the cultural differences, some people who come from different counties will often have some misunderstanding in the team work or cooperation. I also meet this kind of problems in the presentation’s teamwork. In the process of cooperation, we have a lots of verbal communication, while some questions have different means for us. For example, â€Å"where are you going?† and â€Å"do you eat dinner?†, all of these questions are just greetings, but for my team members, these questions are their privacy. Thus, these communication and cultural barriers always happen in this process because of the different culture. communication and cultural barriers can be defined â€Å"when a person of one culture encounters the beliefs and resulting actions of another culture, there may be a clash.† (Vulcan, 2014). After that, I check and learn the countries’ custom and habits of my team members on the Internet to make me avoid these awkward situations. Because of the importance of cross cultural awareness, people should know how  to develop it. First of all, we should communicate with other countries’ people frequently such as Facebook, Twitter, E-mail (Botha et al, 2009). In my expirience, I also made some different countries’ friends in Facebook to increase my cross cultural awareness. I often contact with them, and understading each of our culture and custom. Therefore, in my opinion, I increased much expirience of cross-cultural communication and scope of knowledge recently. Thus, this is a useful method for developing cross cultural awareness. Secondly, in the process of learning, we should cooperate with people who come from different cultural and countries’, such as doing the presentation together and discuss projects together (Botha et al, 2009). I also often cooperate with different cultural and countries’ students. During cooperating, I learn a lot of cross-cultural and their habits, my cross cultural awareness was developing gradually. Therefore, all of these behaviour will help us to develop the cross cultural awareness effectively for more effective management. To sum up, because of the importance of verbal communication and cross-cultural awareness, people should know and understand more knowledge on these. Because they will help people to communicate and cooperate with different cultural and countries’ people better. References Beebe, S., (2002), Interpersonal Communication: Relating to Others, American communication journal. Volume 5, Issue 3, p428. Botha, A. & Vosloo, S., (2009), Improving Cross-Cultural Awareness and Communication through Mobile Technologies, International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning, 1(2), 39-53. Cottrell, S., (2003), Skills for Success. New York: Palgrave Macmillan Johnson, W.D., (2014), List of Interpersonal Skills on the Job. Available at: http://www.ehow.com/info_8504944_list-interpersonal-skills-job.html John, H., (2002), Interpersonal skills at work 2nd edn. New York: Routledge. Mitchell, S., (2013), Improving interpersonal management skills. Available at: https://www.i-l-m.com/Insight/Edge/2013/May/improving-interpersonal-managemen

Ethics and Professionalism in Accounting

AC 216 – Ethics and Professionalism in Accounting Exam #1 Name SOLUTIONS Part I. Multiple Choice (2 pts each, 40 pts total) Instructions: Select the one best answer to each question. 1. The insufficient anchor adjustment cognitive bias refers to: a. placing too much significance on the average value. b. placing significance on an erroneous prior value. c. overconfidence in one’s decision based on insufficient information. d. placing too much significance on a value which is the hardest to recall. 2. Which of the following characteristics typifies a complicated environment? . good practice. b. process reengineering. c. exclusive use of experts. d. best practice. â€Å"c† arguably makes sense but the word â€Å"exclusive† makes it less than the best answer. 3. Which of the following statements is correct: a. Problems can be universally agreed upon, while issues are subject to greater depth of debate. b. Problems and issues are both always universally agreed upon. c. Issues can be universally agreed upon, while problems are subject to greater depth of debate. d. Problems are exactly the same as issues. 4.Deciding whether to use strawberry or grape jam on one’s sandwich is: a. not a moral issue because no real decision needs to be made. b. a moral issue because a choice between alternatives is required. c. not a moral issue because no component of harm exists. d. a moral issue because consequences are important. 5. Ksenia believes that success is under her own control. She most likely has a/an: a. high internal locus of control b. high external locus of control c. high locus of control d. a lack of locus of control 6. Kohlberg’s theories on ethical awareness state that: . differing levels of ethical awareness exist. b. locus of control determines one’s level of ethical awareness. c. most individuals reach a â€Å"stage 3† level of ethical awareness. d. both A and C are correct. 7. Which of the following statem ents regarding Trevino’s eight steps to ethical decision making are incorrect? a. The framework starts off with mechanical steps followed by personal ones. b. Identification of stakeholders and weighing alternatives are two separate steps. c. In real life decision making, not all eight steps are always followed. d.The role of intuition is not considered. 8. Which of the following ethical approaches is considered to be a mixed framework? a. Kant ethics. b. Sidgwick’s dualism. c. Love ethic. d. Existentialism. 9. The Existentialism approach is similar to the egoism approach in what regard? a. Both are teleological approaches. b. Both are deontological approaches. c. Both have a narrow individual focus. d. Both balance individual and group considerations. 10. Which of the following statements is correct? a. Business ethics deals exclusively with the theory behind right and wrong. b.Business ethics deals with the application of standards of right and wrong. c. Ethics and l aw are synonymous. d. Ethics and morality are exactly the same since both deal with application of right and wrong. 11. Which of the following describes law and ethics. a. They are exactly the same. b. Some legal actions may not be ethical. c. All ethical actions are also legal. d. All legal actions are also ethical. 12. According to the textbook and class discussion, U. S. Federal Sentencing Guidelines: a. Treat all firms equally despite their attempts to act ethically. b.Increase the severity of penalties for firms that tried to act ethically but failed to do so. c. Attempt to reduce the severity of penalties when a firm has tried to act ethically. d. Treat misconduct as a clear cut matter of right or wrong. 13. The argument for extreme ethical relativism fails because: a. It is illogical. b. It advocates a consequentialist decision making framework. c. It advocates a mixed framework approach. d. Both A and C are correct. 14. Ethical conduct depends largely on: a. Good decision ma king. b. Practical application of standards of right and wrong. . Making decisions when not all facts are known. d. All of the above. 15. Which of the following best typify’s a Contractarian Ethics approach? a. Treating like cases in a consistent and fair manner. b. Focusing on overall collective benefit for society. c. Balancing just actions for individuals only. d. Everyone should look out for themselves only. In this way, overall society benefits. 16. A set of practices, for polite society, common to a particular group is called: a. etiquette. b. custom. c. law. d. professionalism. 17. According to Jim Collins great companies focus on: a.Short-term goals only. b. Long-term goals only. c. Both short and long term goals. d. Neither short nor long term goals. 18. Intuitionalism: a. is a mixed framework. b. emphasizes rules and exceptions to the rule. c. a deontological framework. d. Both â€Å"a† and â€Å"b† 19. Which of the following is correct regarding the d efinitions of the following terms? | |Morality |Ethics | |a. |Theoretical |Practical | |b. |Practical |Theoretical | |c. Theoretical |Theoretical | |d. |Practical |Practical | 20. Which of the following statements regarding business ethics is incorrect? a. The mechanics of thinking and decision making are key components. b. Use of different approaches and frameworks always yields the same decision since there is always a best option. c. Decisions often need to be made when all facts are not known. d. Just because more than one option exists, it does not mean that all options are acceptable. Part II. Essay (20 points each; 60 points total)Prepare a proper essay response to all three of the questions appearing below. 1. Define the notion of an â€Å"ethical dilemma. † What tests are available which help to indicate the presence of an â€Å"ethical dilemma? † 2. If you had to choose just one of the philosophical approaches discussed in this chapter to guide your decision making, which would you choose? Why? Or, if you had to rank them from most to least helpful, how would you rank them? 3. Citing an example to help illustrate your point, define and apply the 8 steps recommended in ethical decision making as discussed by Trevino.

Shadow essays

Shadow essays Twenty-five years ago, after Richard Nixon resigned the presidency, Gerald Ford promised a return to normalcy. "My fellow Americans, our long national nightmare is over," President Ford declared. But it was not. The Watergate scandal, and the remedies against future abuses of power, would have an enduring impact on presidents and the country. In Shadow, Bob Woodward takes us deep into the administrations of Ford, Carter, Reagan, Bush and Clinton to describe how each discovered that the presidency was forever altered. With special emphasis on the human toll, Woodward shows the consequences of the new ethics laws, and the emboldened Congress and media. Powerful investigations increasingly stripped away the privacy and protections once expected by the nation's chief executive. Using presidential documents, diaries, prosecutorial records and hundreds of interviews with firsthand witnesses, Woodward chronicles how all five men failed first to understand and then to manage the inquisitor ial environment. "The mood was mean," Gerald Ford says. Woodward explains how Ford believed he had been offered a deal to pardon Nixon, then clumsily rejected it and later withheld all the details from Congress and the public, leaving lasting suspicions that compromised his years in the White House. Jimmy Carter used Watergate to win an election, and then watched in bewilderment as the rules of strict accountability engulfed his budget director, Bert Lance, and challenged his own credibility. From his public pronouncements to the Iranian hostage crisis, Carter never found the decisive, healing style of leadership the first elected post-Watergate president had promised. Woodward also provides the first behind-the-scenes account of how President Reagan and a special team of more than 60 attorneys and archivists beat Iran-contra. They turned the Reagan White House and United States intelligence agencies upside down investigating the president with orders to ...

Business Communications Report

The purpose of this report is to evaluate the importance of oral communications within the workplace, as well as to identify the aspects and skills that are valued within the workplace. This report will also give recommendations to the problems it highlights. 1. 2. 3 Questions * Is oral communication really a problem among graduates in the workplace? * Which aspects of oral communication are valued more within the workplace? * Which oral communication skills are lacking in graduates within the workplace? * What solutions could we recommend to the NUS management? 1. 3 Scope The ability to express ideas convincingly should therefore be an aspect to be focused on. 3. 4 Need for Clarity of Content The findings have made obvious that clear content is of high priority within the workplace. This oral communication skill is needed because the content is the crux of the message being sent to others and it needs to be clear and concise to avoid confusion. As such this oral communication skill should be focused on. 3. 5 Need for Confidence in Oral Communications The importance of this skill has been noted in the findings. This communication skill complements the other conclusions, as confidence is something that is required for all aspects of oral communications. Clearly, confidence is a skill that should be focused on. 4. Recommendations Based on the conclusions made above, this report recommends changing the NUS curriculum to involve more opportunities to practice oral communications skills, as well as to introduce a public forum, providing chances for all students to speak publicly more. 4. 1 Change in NUS Curriculum This proposal involves a tweaking of all modules in NUS to accommodate even more usage of oral communications skills than at current levels. For example, module marks could be adjusted to allow for more emphasis on presentations or interaction with the lecturer and the class. This would not only allow students to practice their oral communications as a whole, but also improve on specific aspects and skills, like their confidence and clarity. It is noted that this proposal would be difficult to implement and would also take time to adjust to for the entire university. However, this strategy would help all NUS students to improve their oral communications skills greatly over their time in NUS as they are encouraged to work on their oral communications. Thus this would be a long term solution for the problems stated above. 4. 2 Creating Student Forums The Management should also consider utilizing a key aspect of education in NUS: student life. Through providing a forum for students to speak up, especially about issues that the students have passion for, they will get more practice at oral communications. They would also debate and discuss among themselves about such issues, further boosting their proficiency in key skills like being convincing in oral communications. This suggestion does have certain drawbacks, like difficulty in implementing instantly as students are not used to it. However, over time, and with proper promotion and support from student leaders, it could be a good avenue for students to air their views and practice their oral communications skills at the same time.

Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Communication - Essay Example (Holt) In this modern world where facebook has become famous it can be used as a communication tool keep in touch with the other organizations, departments and other locations. Another important tool of communication is E-mail. The success of the communication also depends on the type of technology being used. For instance if a company comprises of people who are expert in operating computer blogs, wikis and other methods of communication are the best tools to keep the organization well informed. So if the message is not properly communicated the communication will be lost. So before drafting any communication all the elements of communications must be checked. If an organization has to appoint new employees for vacant positions it is better that the organization hire from within their own organization by promoting the employees to a higher position as this will save the labor turnover cost on the other hand it will increase the morale of the employees of the company and they will wo rk more hard to improve their performance from before.. But if employees are to be hired from outside then the interview should be planned. It means that the interviewer should read each applicants resume prior to the interview. His focus should be on the core information desired. For instance, character, personality, work, experience, training, motivation etc. He should be aware of the national and state regulations regarding fair employment practices. Andy Philpot, the author